Why Gay Marriage Should Be Banned in Georgia - 1100 Words

Why Gay Marriage Should Be Banned in Georgia Georgia has always been a state where family values and community issues are important in our society. Many people who live in the southern United States have always been for conservative and or republican values. This typically involves a christan background, and therefore, the people of Georgia should not support gay marriage because most people are Christians. Also there is a code of natural law that must be taken into consideration with regards to legalizing gay marriage in our state. The final issue that must be looked at by the state is how the gay community imposes their rights to our society based off of influential media. Georgians should not†¦show more content†¦Overall, legalizing gay marriage in the state of Georgia would be a horrific mistake because we are known as being a moral state of influence to our communities and this would shed a poor example if we decided as a state to make this sinful act legalized. Next, by having Georgia legalizing gay marriage in our state, it would be disturbing a natural law of the universe. Nature by definition through its works created men and women to procreate the earth. Thus there is a natural law of attraction within ourselves to be attracted to the opposite gender. Furthermore, in the animal kingdom, people should not be attracted to the same gender because it goes against the laws of nature itself. These laws were created to ensure our survival, by allowing same sex marriages in our state, not only is it un-natural in nature but the gay and lesbian communities are sterilizing the population, by not having the opportunity for population growth naturally. Children would be artificially induced or the works of science in the terms of test tube children would be then a popular option if gay marriage was allowed. Therefore, if we want to ensure our survival and to not violate our natural code of attraction, then gay marriage should be banned in Georgia beca use it is not natural for our conservative state. The final point that will be discussed is how the gay community tries to impose its views upon theShow MoreRelatedIn Pro of Same-Sex Marriage1009 Words   |  5 Pagesminority, but also being declared illegal. I believe that homosexual marriage should be legal in Georgia. To delve into an issue as divisive as this, understanding why it is illegal in the first place is in order. In 1996 the United States Congress passed DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, into law. This law was made in order to define what marriage means when writing laws. The Defense of Marriage Act states â€Å"†¦ The word â€Å"marriage† means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1169 Words   |  5 PagesGay marriage should be legalized. Our civil rights and the Constitution give us many liberties. One of our civil liberties is the pursuit of happiness, which homosexual people are not allowed to chase. They cannot be married to the person they love and it violates their freedoms. According to professorshouse.com, â€Å"In Alaska, Nevada, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Nebraska, Missouri, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Alabama, notRea d MoreLegalize Gay Marriage Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized Just about everyone has an opinion on legally allowing same-sex couples to marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are willingRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesabout everyone has an opinion on whether same-sex couples should be allowed to legally marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are will ing to be together for better orRead MoreHow Same Sex Marriage Affects Society1469 Words   |  6 PagesHow Same-Sex Marriage Affects Society â€Å"In the year of 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act became a federal law. The act restricted federal marriage benefits and inter-state marriage recognition to heterosexual couples only. Gay advocates have been lobbying to remove those restrictions and redefine marriage to include same sex and bisexual adults arguing that accepting gay marriage would not harm heterosexual marriage and that religious restrictions on marriage are biased† (English). â€Å"About 18,000Read MoreGay Marriage Shouldn t Be Something That The State Is Against Seeing As It1675 Words   |  7 PagesRashid Ivery Professor Stuart ENGL 1320 April 26, 2015 Gay Marriage Gay marriage shouldn’t be something that the state is against seeing as it is a personal matter. Gay and lesbian people are well-abiding citizens that are productive members of society so why shouldn’t they be afforded the rights the so many others enjoy in this country? The focal points of American culture are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness so it’s interesting to see that in Texas that statement has apparent limitationsRead MoreGay Community Rights and Respinsiblities Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pageshomosexuality have formed a varying timeline. The LGBT community’s rights and responsibilities must match those of society in general. Throughout the last 50 years the rights deserved by those who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender has been debated. Debates have included topics such as same sex marriage, housing security, and job security. The LGBT community needs laws protecting it from hate crimes. There have been multiple incidents LGBT individuals have been beaten, raped, and even murdered. SocietyRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?945 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday there are new changes that are happening in our country which will affect today’s society. Over the years same sex marriage became a massive confrontation among the world. There were sixteen states that ban same-sex marriage some by constitutional amendment, some by law, and the majority by both. Majority of the people absolutely did not want this awful law passed in America. Everybody know the right thing to do and this was not an appropriate law to be passed. â€Å"The Catholic Church, UnitedRead MoreThe Views On Gay Marriage3556 Words   |  15 Pages Gay Marriage Tailor Chrisman University of Cincinnati Abstract This paper explores the differing views on homosexual same-sex marriages coming from the views of our governments as opposed to religious groups’ views. It goes into detail to see which religions are opposed, which support and which have no official position on the topic of gay marriage. It also takes into account how the state governments have opposed and supported the legalization of same-sex marriage over the course ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Hate Crime1775 Words   |  8 Pagesother what to do, how to live, and how to be happy is the way to life, but it isn’t. Many think it’s unethical in most religion, many think it’s inhumane but what really matters to those who get bullied is how they feel about themselves. People should be comfortable with their sexuality, not always put down, especially when it comes to being violently abused. Hate crimes on sexuality have been around for many years and the methods people used are disturbing and unnecessary for t heir own satisfaction

Database And Knowledge Base Management System - 1364 Words

Trident University Rondia Riles Module 1 Case Assignment ITM 540: Database and Knowledge-Base Management Dr. Ying Liu August 16, 2013 Introduction Information and data have become the cornerstone of business enterprises today. Financial services organizations rely on important trade and market data, retail business rely on consumer and market data, and military organizations are concerned with classified and national security-sensitive data. As these organizations continue spend more time, effort, and money into the management of this data, data base management systems are gaining more attention in Information Technology Enterprise. This paper will discuss the advantages of using an Object Database Management System (ODBMS) as opposed to the older a less flexible Relational Based Data Management Systems. Overview of Object Oriented Database Management Systems The 1990s saw the emergence of ODBMS as the dominant data modeling application software. It began in the 1960s and continued during the 1980s as technologists were searching for a more flexible and capable way of dealing with data that fundamentally changed the way applications were being designed. Object technology depicted data in terms of â€Å"classes† instead of representing it in the strict table format of relational databases. A class is defined as the structure and code provided by the programmer. It includes a description of the type of data, how it is stored, and its code. However,Show MoreRelatedAssessment Of The Database Architecture And Design Of Various Clinical Information Systems1680 Words   |  7 Pagesaim of this report is to present information about assessment of the database architecture and design of various clinical information systems like administrative system, clinical decision making system, electronic health record and computer based health r ecord system, nursing system, ancillary service system, patient numbering systems at master and enterprise level. The assessment will be based on the health and hospital system that includes around 1800 bed hospital and 30 community based clinicsRead MoreProfessional Skills For Information Systems1591 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Systems CIS5100 S1 2017 Submitted By Deepak Chander Jaikumar U1097711 10 May 2017 University of Southern Queensland The database is a collection of related data that is organized in some way so it can be accessed easily and can be managed updated. Relational database management system (RDBMS) is DBMS system that is based on relational model. In this model, data is represented in tuples. The query is the type of request for the information from the database. Database reportRead MoreQuestions On Batch Processing And Online Processing1325 Words   |  6 Pagesbatch only. 3. All records are updated into master databases after batch processing. Before processing we will not get any reports or information about those transactions from database. 4. Still batch processing is used at some applications like Backup. 1. This processing method in computers process a transaction immediately. 2. So the reports will be available immediately after transaction happen available to all users from its master database file. 3. No time delay here for getting the recordsRead MoreThe Case of BobCo Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesthe betterment of the company. Bobco even though based on several locations worldwide, each section is led by a vice president and consists of consultants at different ranks. I.e. associate consultant, consultant, senior consultant and programming management/director. The head of the leadership hierarchy is Bob Johnson (CEO and President). Then each section has its own vice president along with the CIO and CFO. Each vice president holds regular meetings with his senior staff and the timing of suchRead MoreDatabase Systems Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the management. Before the implementation of this plan, it is essential for the business personnel to collect pertinent information about the strategic plan. In this concern, various database systems have been introduced. For effective management of the staff functions and line functions as well as execution of strategic plan, t he company should make use of the data oriented model. The systematic integration of the goals can be done with the help of a well developed information system (OBrienRead MoreChapter 11 Review Questions1 What Is1233 Words   |  5 Pagesrole of knowledge management and knowledge management programs in business? Define knowledge management and explain its value to businesses. Knowledge management is the set of processes developed in an organization to create, gather, store, maintain, transfer, apply, and disseminate the firm’s knowledge. Knowledge management promotes organizational learning and incorporates knowledge into its business processes and decision making. Describe the important dimensions of knowledge. A. Knowledge has aRead MoreFile Management Systems And Data Base Management System766 Words   |  4 Pages3.) Write the differences between file management system and data base management system A.)File Management System:- 1. Scarcely no. of files used 2. Doesn’t furnish collateral 3. Data redundancy is muddle loss of integrity. (accurate and consistent data) 4. Data is isolated 5. Data ingress takes lot of times 6. Concurrency control is not possible single user system 7. Compact preliminary design 8. Transaction concept not used 9. Data redundancy 10. Difficult data ingress 11. Integrity muddle 12Read More Management Information System Essay805 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment, management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management. In the above definition you can find the three key resources-information, information technology, and people. You will also find various functions that you as a knowledge worker must undertake to ensure that your origination maximizes its advantages. It doesnt matter if you are preparing to work in the area of finance, human resource management, logisticsRead MoreInformation And Database Management Systems813 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 1: Overview of Information and Database Management Systems 6411-2 Main Post The Database Management System of a healthcare organization is an application to perform administrative tasks on a database and interacts with the data stored in the databases. Years ago information was managed by a hands-on method such as files in the file cabinet. Now, databases are utilized by technology to drive and manage information. These â€Å"databases are an organized collection of data typically stored in anRead MoreThe Problem Faced By Gym Management Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthen later information is transferred to computer or spreadsheets manually. There is wastage of time as the process of transferring data is time consuming, there is no security as data can be misplaced, accuracy can be another problem faced by gym management while transferring data as error can occur while transferring data from the file, concurrency only one person can use data from file at one time so concurrency is another problem, and backup once file lost data is never recovered and it require

Study Guide Hum free essay sample

Assiduity According to Patricia Hill Collins In The Power of Self-Definition, creating a safe space Is Important part of empowerment because: In The Power of Self-Definition, Patricia Hill Collins stresses that self-reliance, self- knowledge, and self-valuation are necessary to empower Black women to create their own self-definitions. According to Patricia Hill Collins, what are controlling images? Patrol Hill Collins defines self-valuation as: When professor Isabel showed the class the spoken word poems by Bridget Gray, she said they were an example of:According to Patricia Hill Collins, what was Billie Holidays purpose for singing God Bless the Child? According to Patricia Hill Collins, constructing your own standards is important because: the Insistence on Black womens self-definitions airframes the entire dialogue. How is this dialogue referred? What Is the definition of rhetoric? Hip hop culture is an extension of the African American Oral Tradition. According to Secondly D. Bough, bringing wreck means: According to Secondly D.Boughs l Bring Wreck, the rhetorical strategy of bringing wreck Is used by Black female Masc. to: As discussed in lecture, Queen Laths U. N. I. T. Y. is: Why does Secondly D. Bough compare Commons l used to Love H. E. R. with Eureka Bauds (Hip Hop) Love of My Life? In Patrol Hill Collins The Power of Self-Deflation, the author explains that there are three safe spaces where Black women have been able to build a self-defined and collective standpoint. What are these three spaces? Bringing wreck is a decided act, Secondly Bough argues, not an unavoidable breaking point. The women of the Hip-Hop generation who enact rhetoric of wreck do so after a conscious decision to speak out. Why are they bringing wreck? Secondly Bough believes that having womens voices represented via Hip-Hop in the larger public sphere opens the door for a wealth of possibilities in terms of the validation of Black female voice and Black womens agency.Secondly Bough argues that the growing scholarship of women in rap music provides a rich starting ground for explorations into the ways Black women use the whole of Hip-Hop culture to not only exert agency, claim voice, grapple with and create images, negotiate sexual and body politics, evoke Black feminism, continue lineages, and empower themselves, but also: In Women, Rap, and the Rhetoric of Wreck, Bough states that Queen Latish identifies as a feminist.Bough analyzes Queen Laths impact on negative representat ions of Black women by examining how Latish challenges the image of the gangs pitch and questions the usefulness of this image to Black women. Why is this critique important? Why does Secondly Bough quote these lines from Jessica Care Moors poem Im a Hip-Hop Cheerleader: Ill scream the HAYs/Ill tolerate all your hoes in Women, Rap, and the Rhetoric of Wreck? Hip Hop culture began as a cultural and political movement in the Bronx, NYC in the early sass and includes what forms of expression? What is cultural appropriation?Professor Isabel used a metaphor in class to help explain how language works: Just as there is no neutral way of dressing, there is no neutral way of speaking or writing. What does this statement mean? African American Vernacular English (EAVE), or Black Vernacular English (BE) is considered a dialect, but embodies all of the classic definitions of a language. According to Humanities lecture, why is EAVE not considered a language in its own right? In Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, DRP. James Peterson argues, there are monuments to masculinity for the people who live and breathe hip-hop culture.One of them is verbal ability, and the second piece is: The documentary Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes explains the origins of hip hop culture, conceptualizing the creation of the culture through the lens of the economic and political disenfranchisement of poor Black and Latino youth in the Bronx in the that was very improvisational energy, a very sort of reclaiming energy that young folks, through dance, through rapping and D], so on and so forth, that is how the culture took hold. It was a (fill in the blank) . And when I say violence, I mean like destroying homes.Imagine somebody putting a highway through your neighborhood, then you can understand hip-hop. According to DRP. Jewell Cob in Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, why are braggadocio and boast so central to the history of Hip Hop? Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes gave several examples of homoerotic in Hip Hop. DRP. Michael Eric Tyson argues that Snoop Dogs lyric It anti no fun if my homiest cant have none and Knells l said it anti no fun until we all get some are homoerotic because: Carmen Assures-Watson, former President of Deaf Jam records, explains in Hip Hop:Beyond Beats and Rhymes that gangster music became popular when? Chuck D. From Public Enemy and Carmen Assures-Watson (Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes) both agree that when corporate record labels began producing rap music, the music became less conscious because: Judaism and DRP. James Patterson Watson (Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes) both explain the largest consumers of Hip Hop music are: Judaism Watson (Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes) argues that the material released by record labels is dictated by record sales. He explains, af ter you scan past its all white people.. . E white people want to hear that killing and everything. According to Professor Sables lecture, an interjectional analysis of sexism in Hip Hop culture is important because: In Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, Chuck D argues that is the cancer of black manhood in the world. They have one-dimensionality us and commodities us into being a one-trick image. At the end of Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, Chuck D. Offers advice to Hip Hop musicians, telling them they are the only ones who can turn the tide, and to be a man. What is his definition off man?The synopsis of the documentary Diagnosing Difference: An Examination of the Psycho-social Impact of the Gender Identity Disorder Diagnosis on Transgender Lives explains, historically, non-trans medical and mental health care professionals have positioned themselves as the experts on transgender experience, creating aspect of life. Diagnosing Difference shifts the focus to explore: In Diagnosing Difference: An Examination of the Psycho-social Impact of the Gender Identity Disorder Diagnosis on Transgender Lives, Dylan Schoolings says that At the age of 1 5, after two suicide attempts Parents were concerned for my happiness and concerned for my safety and went to the school counselor. The school counselor said, Well, all we can recommend is that you lock her up. You know, that was really the only alternative that was given to them. And at that point, if they wouldnt have locked me up, they would have been seen as bad parents. So I end up going to the hospital, very much against my will, and within a half an hour Im diagnosed with this gender thing present since Grade 3, is how its written down in my chart. What was Dylan treatment while institutionalized?Identity Disorder Diagnosis on Transgender Lives, Dylan Schoolings says, l was actually being treated more for how other people were feeling wasnt learning how to love myself, you know, I was learning sustainable. . And thats not Diagnosing Difference explores many misconceptions about trans* peoples lives, including the idea that all trans* people want genital reconstruction surgery. Adele 41 . Vazquez says that she doesnt need to change her genitals to consider herself a woman-?shes a woman who happens to have a prostate. including the idea that all trans* people should work very hard to pass as a articulator gender.Adele Vazquez names this as passing discrimination, explaining that not everyone can or wants to pass. Instead, she recommends: Shawn Virago (Diagnosing Difference) explains that trans* people are always asked to come up with an origin myth and explain when did you know you were trans*? She goes on to say, So we have to kind of come up with explanations. So people have these theories on how we are this way. And so, thats really what KID is, According to Diagnosing Difference, being transgender is an invention of the American Psychiatric Association or the medical establishment.

Macbeth Essays (1009 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Does the statement "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" thoroughly expresses the many themes of Shakespeare's ?Macbeth'? The first time we hear the statement is very early in the play when the witches say the exact line "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" only for Macbeth himself to repeat it very closely two scenes later. This repetition of the lines shows me that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place. In this essay I will endeavour to prove that the above statement doesn't express ?Macbeth' thoroughly. Firstly I will show the fair Macbeth himself degrading into a foul inhuman monster. Secondly, I will compare the witches to Macbeth to demonstrate the real foulness in these characters. I will then show why I believe that there simply isn't any fairness existing in ?Macbeth'. Then I will point out that there are simply too many themes in Shakespeare's ?Macbeth' to be summed up in one line. Macbeth, in the beginning, is a man of valour, honour and nobility. By his loyal traits he helps maintain Scotland's stability. Macbeth, on the outside, seems to be the fairest man in all Scotland, however we know better. Under the cloaking shadows of his skin, Macbeth hides his one weakness - that is ambition. His wife knows of his ambition and stirs him to act on it. Macbeth struggles with a choice; should he let the witches prophecies realise themself, or should he take steps to the achieve them. He knows that the latter choice will involve the murder of his virtuous king Duncan, but even this isn't enough to sway him as he, after urging form his wife, chooses the latter. In doing so, Macbeth unrobed himself of all that is good in the human soul - kindness, courage, honour and love. Macbeth becomes so obsessed with his chase of glory that he turns away from all that he once cherished, even his wife. Macbeth becomes so blinded by his new robes of kingdom that he doe! sn't even notice his wife slipping away into insanity. In the beginning Macbeth had great trouble with the concept of murder, he regrets killing Duncan - "Wake Duncan with thoust knocking, I would if I could." However, by the end of the play Macbeth shows no sign of his human qualities, he has in fact become quite inhuman, quite foul. Sometimes if we don't look carefully we only see things skin deep. Take the scene when Macbeth and Banquo first see the three witches. If we don't look carefully we see the fair Macbeth talking to the foul witches. However, are the witches really the foul ones? I think Macbeth is really the foul one of the party. This doesn't say that the witches are fair, but it does say that they are not foul. The real blackness lies deep within Macbeth. So, who are the fair ones? I can't really say. I mean Macbeth is not because we know he is a cold murderer in the end, and I don't think that the witches are either. I have trouble in saying the witches are fair, because, they are witches. I would go as far to say that neither of them are fair. However, I need to point out that those who don't look deeply enough would call Macbeth fair and the three witches foul. Beauty is only skin deep, but the will to do evil is deep to the bone. This doesn't mean that the witches are not fo! ul. In fact I think they are, witches are said to be the lovers of Satan, they carry with them images of darkness and death, how could these supernatural beings not be described as foul? As you can see I haven't identified any fairness in ?Macbeth'. This is because I believe there is none. ?Macbeth' has been described as the "Most profound and mature vision of evil." How can there be anything fair in a play based on evil, murder and treachery? People may argue that Macduff, the eventual victor of Macbeth was the true and good man in the play, but I would say that by winning the crown in violence, Macduff has repeated Macbeth's act.

Definition and Examples of Vocal Fry (or Creaky Voice)

Definition and Examples of Vocal Fry (or Creaky Voice) In speech, the term vocal fry refers to  a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below modal voice (the most commonly used vocal register in speech and singing). Also known as vocal fry register, creaky voice, pulse register, laryngealization, glottal rattle, and glottal fry.   Linguist Susan J. Behrens describes vocal fry as a type of phonation (vocal fold vibration) whereby the vocal folds start to slow down and beat irregularly before closing, toward the end of an utterance. This behavior causes a  rough voice quality, a lowered  voice pitch, and sometimes a slower rate of speech. All contribute to make a speakers voice sound creaky or raspy (Understanding Language Use in the Classroom,  2014). Examples and Observations Creaky voice involves a raspy quality of voice produced by reducing the amount of air passing through the vocal cords, which results in a non-pure or non-clear tone. It . . . carries a pragmatic meaning, often signalling the end of a turn, and is associated with younger female speech . . ..(Sandra Clarke, Newfoundland and Labrador English. Edinburgh University Press, 2010)Is your little princess sounding more like a frog? Speaking in a croaky voice, officially called vocal fry, has become normal among young women, new research published in the Journal of Voice finds. (Say Whaaat as if youre suffering from a very sore throat and youve got the sound.) But regularly talking this way could cause long-term vocal cord damage. Which means these women could end up not saying much at all.  (Leslie Quander Wooldridge, Croak Addicts. AARP Magazine, April/May 2012) Vocal Wrongness? The most recent trend in vocal wrongness is called vocal fry. Vocal fry is created when someone slips into a lower tone, usually at the end of a sentence, and this tone has a fried or creaky quality. Britney Spears and Kim Kardashian are infamous for this way of speaking, but research indicates men tend to speak with this raspy flaw as well. And vocal fry is on the rise, with two-thirds of college students in one study displaying it. The problem with using it is it conveys a sense that youre not confident, or in some cases, sure of what you are saying.  (Lee Thornton, Youre Doing It Wrong!. Adams Media, 2012) Young Women and Vocal Fry A classic example of vocal fry, best described as a raspy or croaking sound injected (usually) at the end of a sentence, can be heard when Mae West says, Why don’t you come up sometime and see me, or, more recently on television, when Maya Rudolph mimics Maya Angelou on Saturday Night Live.[L]inguists ... cautioned against forming negative judgments.If women do something like uptalk or vocal fry, it’s immediately interpreted as insecure, emotional or even stupid, said Carmen Fought, a professor of linguistics at Pitzer College in Claremont, Calif. The truth is this: Young women take linguistic features and use them as power tools for building relationships. ... It’s generally pretty well known that if you identify a sound change in progress, then young people will be leading old people, said Mark Liberman, a linguist at the University of Pennsylvania, and women tend to be maybe half a generation ahead of males on average. ... So what does the use of vocal fry denote? Like uptalk, women use it for a variety of purposes. Ikuko Patricia Yuasa, a lecturer in linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, called it a natural result of women’s lowering their voices to sound more authoritative.It can also be used to communicate disinterest, something teenage girls are notoriously fond of doing.(Douglas Quenqua, They’re, Like, Way Ahead of the Linguistic Currrrve. The New York Times, February 27, 2012) Vocal Fry and Meaning [V]oice quality changes contribute to meaning at many ... linguistic levels. Creaky voice (or vocal fry) often signals prominence within a sentence, the presence of linguistic boundaries like ends of sentences, or major changes of topic...  (Jody Kreiman and Diana Sidtis, Foundations of Voice Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Voice Production and Perception. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Creaky Voice Like breathy voice, creaky voice is also used as both a tool for age, gender, and social distinction, and for phonological contrast with some of the worlds languages.There is a minimum fundamental frequency below which modal voicing can no longer continueusually about a quarter of a persons average speaking fundamental. At this point the nature of phonation changes and the speaker begins to use creaky voice, also known as laryngealization or vocal fry. The term stiff voice has also been applied to a variety of phenomena that partially resemble creaky voice. In creaky voice, the vocal folds are very shortened and slackened to maximize their mass per unit length, and the IA muscles are contracted to draw the arytenoid cartilages together. This action allows the vocal folds to stay together for a much longer part of the phonation cycle than in modal voicing . . ., only allowing a tiny burst of air to escape between long closure periods.  (Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, and Donald Derrick, Ar ticulatory Phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) The Great Unnamed [W]e have no shared public language through which to speak about the voice or sound, in contrast to the wide vocabulary that weve developed for visual images. Sounds are still part of the great unnamed. Back in 1833 the American physician, James Rush, tried to identify different kinds of voiceswhispering, natural, falsetto, orotund, harsh, rough, smooth, full, thin, slender. By the 1970s phoneticians hadnt moved much beyond Rush in naming different types of voice. The terms they had come up withlike whispery voice, harsh voice, creaky voice, tense or lax voicewere never taken up by the public. Neither was more specialist terminology, like vocal fry, jitter, or shimmer, words which anyway have no agreed definition. Were in a state of terminological disarray, and few of us are able to describe the voice in words that arent either impressionistic or ambiguous.  (Anne Karpf, The Human Voice: The Story of a Remarkable Talent. Bloomsbury, 2006)

Writing an IEP, An Individual Education Program

Writing an IEP, An Individual Education Program The individual education program- more generally known as an IEP- is s a written plan that describes the program(s) and special services a student requires to be successful. It is a plan that ensures that proper programming is in place to help the student with special needs to be successful at school.   If students with special needs are to achieve the academic curriculum or an alternative curriculum to the best of their ability and as independently as possible, the professionals involved in the delivery of their programming must have a plan in place. When writing an IEP, you need to include specific elements to satisfy legal requirements and to provide the best educational plan possible for the student. Elements of the IEP The IEP must contain  the students  present level of educational performance, the  results of any evaluations and tests,  special education and related services  to be provided,  accommodations and modifications to be provided for the student, supplementary aids and services, annual goals for the student, including how they will be tracked and measured, an explanation of how the student will participate in general education classes (the least restrictive environment), and the date the IEP will go into effect, as well as a transportation plan and extended school year services if applicable. IEP Goals The IEP goals should be developed with the following criteria: specificrealisticattainablemeasurablechallenging Before setting goals the team must first determine the present level of performance using various assessment tools, the needs must be clearly and specifically defined. When determining IEP goals consider the students classroom placement, is the student in the least hindering environment. Do the goals coordinate with the regular classroom activities and schedules and do they follow the general curriculum? After the goals have been identified, it is then stated how the team will help the student to achieve the goals, this is referred to as the measurable part of the goals. Each goal must have a clearly stated objective for how, where and when each task will be implemented. Define and list any adaptations, aides or supportive techniques that may be required to encourage success. Clearly explain how progress will be monitored and measured. Be specific about time frames for each objective. Expect goals to be achieved at the end of an academic year. Objectives are skills required to achieve the desired goal, objectives should be accomplished in shorter intervals. Team Members: IEP team members are parents of the student, special education teacher, classroom teacher, support workers, and outside agencies involved with the individual. Each member of the team plays a vital role in the development of a successful IEP. Education Program Plans can become overwhelming and unrealistic. A good rule of thumb is to set one goal for each academic strand. This enables the teams manageability and accountability to ensure that resources are available to help the individual achieve the desired goals. If the student IEP meets all of the students needs and is focused on skills for success, results and outcomes, the student with special needs will have every opportunity for academic achievement no matter how challenging their needs may be. Example of an IEP John Doe is a 12-year-old boy presently placed in a regular grade 6 classroom with special education support. John Doe is identified as ‘Multiple Exceptionalities’. A Pediatric assessment determined that John meets criteria for Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Johns anti-social, aggressive behavior, prevent him from achieving academic success. General Accommodations: Supervision for Non-Instructional TimeAttention/Focusing CuesSpecial Arrangements for Arrival/DepartureUse of Preferred Learning StyleSmall Group InstructionIn-Class Peer Tutor AssistanceReview, Retest, Re-EvaluateReduce Visual or Auditory DistractionsScribing or Oral ReportingLength of Time for Assessments/Assignments Annual Goal: John will work towards controlling compulsive and impulsive behavior, which negatively affects the learning of self and others. He will work towards interacting and responding to others in a positive way. Behavior Expectations: Develop skills to manage anger and resolve conflict appropriately. Develop skills to accept responsibility for self. Demonstrate dignity and respect for self and others. Develop a foundation for healthy relationships with peers and adults. Develop a positive self-image. Strategies and Accommodations Encourage John to verbalize his feelings. Modeling, role play, rewards, consequences using the assertive discipline approach. One-to-one teaching as required, one-to-one Educational Assistant support as required and relaxation exercises. Direct teaching of social skills, acknowledge and encourage acceptable behavior. Establish and use  consistent classroom routine, prepare for transitions well in advance. Keep as predictable a schedule as possible. Make use of computer technology where possible, and ensure John feels he is a valued member of the class. Always relate classroom activities to timetable and agenda. Resources/frequency/location Resources:  Classroom Teacher, Education Assistant, Integrations Resource Teacher. Frequency: daily as required. Location:  regular classroom, withdraw to  resource room  as required. Comments:  A program of expected behaviors and consequences will be established. Rewards for expected behavior will be given at the end of an agreed upon time interval. Negative behavior will not be acknowledged in this tracking format but will be identified to John and to home through a communication agenda.

Downloading (Piracy) files, Music, movies etc. is immoral or wrong Essay

Downloading (Piracy) files, Music, movies etc. is immoral or wrong - Essay Example File – sharers distribute material free of cost to others (Piracy). However, their activity is classified as piracy and it is illegal. It is only the copyright owners who have the sole right to sell or distribute their copyrighted material. This right is infringed when such material is exchanged freely. As such, it is an act of piracy; because, such free exchange prevents copyright owners from regulating the sale and distribution of their copyrighted material (Piracy). Consequently, piracy is immoral. Software piracy is increasing at a more rapid pace than the growth of the software industry. Piracy is unethical and equivalent to stealing a commodity from a shop. (Legal, Ethical & Social Issues). The only difference is that shoplifters are arrested and punished immediately, whereas pirates are never arrested. The new breed of pirates on the Internet use a technology called file – sharing technology. They justify their actions, by stating that they do not distribute pirated software for making profits or for acquiring any financial advantage. Consequently, they claim that they should not be termed pirates or subjected to punishment (Legal, Ethical & Social Issues). They argue that they distribute copyrighted software free; which makes it very difficult, to prosecute and punish them under the provisions of law. File – sharers distribute music files to other members. There are several tools on the Internet such as Kazaa, Grokster, and Gnutella, which are file – sharing programs. The music is distributed in the MP3 format. With the introduction of broadband, the internet gained speed and bandwidth. This has permitted file - sharers to distribute movies and television programs (Piracy). File sharing has become a commonly practiced form of piracy on the Internet. It is illegal and subject to prosecution on charges of infringement of copyright. Pirated software is

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Research project - Essay Example Thus, the environment prevailing in the clubs is a huge concern to the owners which is why they have laid emphasis on the security of their customers. Therefore, hiring of employees to manage people is an important issue for the owners. The hired employees should be capable of effectively handling and maintaining pleasant atmosphere in and around the night clubs. The Information Technology (IT) environment consists of various activities which are expected to provide solutions to the numerous concerns that arise from the technological activities. The technicians are expected to be experts and possess ample knowledge regarding different business problems that use the IT technicalities. Moreover, preferences are given to young talents as efficiency and hardworking efforts are more likely to be generated by the younger generation. For the convenience of business professionals, IT has been introduced in almost all the sectors, such as finance, military, sales and marketing and engineering among others. Thus, the experts at times need to play various roles at different levels such as inventors and innovators, mediators, leaders and negotiators and even security agents (Microsoft, 2012). Apart from these, the IT department has taken up initiatives to engage in research and distribution actions that will improve the awareness towards environmental issues and sustainability. Aim and Objectives of the Research Due to the changing nature of the world as a result of modernisation, it has become essential for clubs to have the latest security systems that will monitor every activity of the customers. Therefore, the research will help to identify the security areas that are being assisted by the utilisation of information technology. Furthermore, any drawbacks or modification to the information systems will be assessed. The research will provide a detailed picture of how club owners are focusing on using of technological systems to ensure customer safety. Scope of the Resear ch Crowd violence and other assaults occurring in night clubs have been making news across the world. It is rapidly growing as the young generation has considered it to be a latest fashion to party up to late nights at clubs. Thus, the security of the customers is considered as one of the major issues for the owners. Though the owners recruit effective bouncers, it has been noted that few of them use their physical strength to control misbehaving crowd. A general rule suggests that bouncers are only allowed to use their hands for self-defence and take custody of any person who needs to be arrested. However, this is not always followed by the bouncers as at times they are not capable of resisting their anger and thus, involve in a fight with the customer. Therefore, the research will enable to evaluate the security systems that monitor the activities of the customers as well as the bouncers. It will help the owners to identify the actual offender behind the quarrel. Moreover, the sys tems will be compared with the modern innovations which will meet the security standards of the club. Furthermore, the improvement of customer safety and effective measures required for obtaining the safety standards will be

Critical Thinking in 21st Century America Essay Example for Free

Critical Thinking in 21st Century America Essay The intellectual roots of critical thinking date back to the teachings of Socrates, who discovered a method of analytical questioning; known today as â€Å"Socratic questioning,† establishing that one could not rationally justify their assured claims to knowledge. Socrates established that people cannot depend upon those in authority to have sound knowledge and insight. He demonstrated that individuals may have power and high position and yet be deeply confused and irrational. He established the importance of asking questions and thinking deeply before we accept an idea as worthy of belief. Socrates stressed the significance of seeking evidence, closely examining reasoning and assumptions, analyzing basic concepts, and tracing out implications not only of what is said but of what is done. This, I believe, is essential to living a successful and knowledgeable life; question everything and everyone. I strongly agree with Socrates’ idea that we cannot depend upon an individual of higher power to have all-encompassing knowledge and insight solely based on their status. The use of certain words, in just the right way, is enough to make some individuals believe just about anything; most successful lawyers have built their entire careers simply by knowing what to say, how to say it, and when to say it. Although I feel that critical thinking is a necessity throughout life, along with analyzing and questioning everything; I also feel that it is not something that is simply learned. Today, in our contemporary 21st century American society, we are certainly allowed to be and/or trained to be critical thinkers, but it is only certain individuals who will use critical thought to its highest ability to expand their knowledge and open up the mind. These individuals, sometimes rare, have the ability to reflectively question common beliefs and justifications, and use this to carefully distinguish those beliefs that are reasonable and logical from those which lack acceptable evidence or rational foundation to justify a certain belief. Socrates’ practice was followed by many great critical thinkers, such as Plato, Aristotle, and the Greek skeptics, all of whom emphasized that things are often very different from what they appear to be and that only the trained mind is prepared to see through the way things look to us on the surface, misleading appearances, to the way they really are beneath the surface, the deeper realities of life. Critical thinking, amongst many other definitions, is the ability to understand and apply, to infer and to meaningfully investigate given information; the skills needed to see equivalents, comprehend connections, identify problems, and develop justifiable explanations. It identifies bias, and a bias is not necessarily bad; it is simply a preferred way of looking at things. However, critical thinking does not necessarily benefit everyone; it can alter relationships, change attitudes, and cause family and friends to part ways. In light of our readings, many of the individuals we have discussed stress the need for a critical society, but additionally stress that it is not always beneficial, especially for those susceptible to nonsense. John Stuart Mill feared conformism among society as a whole, he saw this as a uniformity which enforced narrow-minded views and illogical rules on those individuals more open-minded and educated. A few years back while researching religion for a paper, I came across Mill’s idea of â€Å"hell belief,† where he argues that the belief in hell is made inconsistently both strong and weak by a total system failure in critical thinking; that hell belief is incompatible with the belief that God is good. He explains that the same mind set that enables them to accept a theory involving these contradictions prevents them from seeing the logical consequences of the theory. Mill’s ideas of â€Å"hell belief† are very similar to those of my own. Many, if not most, people are introduced and expected to abide by a certain religion by the time they speak their first words. Naturally, more often than not, religion and religious values are the first thing that many are taught; however religion allows little, or no room, for critical thinking. Many people carry their religious beliefs and values throughout life, where critical thinkers challenge and question it; they find the stuff that doesn’t quite make sense and demand to know where the logic lies and why exactly they’re supposed to life by these ideas. In Mill’s ideas, people come to believe in it and manage to stay sane about it for the same reason, a lack of critical thinking. In our readings, we see that Bertrand Russell emphasizes the importance of open and free analysis, and the critical need to create education systems that raise open-minded pursuit of knowledge and cautions the dangers inherent in rigid ideologies. I agree with Russell and believe that children should be taught to think critically as soon as they start their education because as adults it is almost impossible to learn, it is not simply a skill you can up and decide you want to possess. If more schools implemented a system that encourages children to keep an open mind and consistently put certain ideas and theories to the test, they would be better prepared for future education, encouraged to socialize with their peers even if they’re not from the same religious or ethnic background, and overall be well prepared for life itself; the habit of questioning everything leads to the development of well-rounded knowledge. When referencing the answers that many of us strive for, Russell explains that if philosophy cannot answer all of our questions, it at least holds the power of asking questions which increase the interest of the world, and show the strangeness and phenomenon lying just below the surface even in the simplest things of everyday life. He identifies a need for a theory of knowledge that will merge what appears to be from what really is, as well as the importance to practice knowledge responsibly. Russell explains to us that in order to make statements or hold beliefs about knowledge, we must be able to substantiate that our knowledge is accurate to reality. Although uncertainty and doubt are Descartes enemy, he wanted to use doubt as a tool or weapon to combat uncertainty. What, if anything, could not be doubted after subjecting all of his knowledge to the acid wash of doubt. The one thing that Descartes concluded could not be doubted was that he was doubting. There has to be an â€Å"I† who is thinking. Descartes famous dictum, Cogito Ergo Sum, means â€Å"I think therefore I am†.

Evita Peron Essay -- essays research papers

Evita Peron In 1949 the most familiar scene in Argentina was the one played out almost daily at the Ministry of Labor in Buenos Aires. There, under the glare of camera lights, a former radio star and movie actress, now the most powerful woman in South America, would enter her office past a crush of adoring, impoverished women and children. Evita Peron, the wife of President Juan Peron, would sit at her desk and begin one of the great rituals of Peronism, the political movement she and her husband created. It was a pageant that sustained them in power. She would patiently listen to the stories of the poor, then reach into her desk to pull out some money. Or she would turn to a minister and ask that a house be built. She would caress filthy children. She would kiss lepers, just as the saints had done. To many Argentines, Evita Peron was a flesh-and- blood saint; later, 40,000 of them would write to the pope attesting to her miracles. She was born on May 7, 1919, in Los Toldos, and baptized Maria Eva, but everyone called her Evita. Her father abandoned the family shortly after her birth. Fifteen years of poverty followed and, in early 1935, the young Evita fled her stifling existence to go to Buenos Aires. Perhaps, as some have said, she fell in love with a tango singer who was passing through. She wanted to be an actress, and in the next few years supported herself with bit parts, photo sessions for titillating magazines and stints as an attractive judge of tango competitions. She began frequenting the offices of a movie magazine, talking herself up for mention in its pages. When, in 1939, she was hired as an actress in a radio company, she discovered a talent for playing heroines in the fantasy world of radio soap opera. This was a period of political uncertainty in Argentina, yet few people were prepared for the military coup that took place in June 1943. Among the many measures instituted by the new government was the censorship of radio soap operas. Quickly adapting to the new environment, Evita approached the officer in charge of allocating airtime, Colonel Anibal Imbert. She seduced him, and Imbert approved a new project Evita had in mind, a radio series called Heroines of History. Years later, people would say that Evita had been... ...cancer had spread. In June 1952, Peron's congress named Evita the Spiritual Leader of the Nation. Her own final contribution to that deification came in her will, in which she wrote that she wanted "the poor, the old, the children, and the workers to continue writing to me as they did in my lifetime." She died on July 26, 1952, at the age of 33. A specialist was brought in to embalm the body and make it "definitively incorruptible." Evita's body lay in state for 13 days-and even then the crowds showed no sign of diminishing. In the decades that followed, Peronism continued to occupy a place in Argentine political life, taking the form mainly of anti-government terrorism. In 1971, after a number of demands by terrorists, the Argentine government agreed to return Evita's body. It was shipped to Peron in Spain. That year, Peron was allowed to return to Argentina; two years later he was president again. He died in office, and it was his wife and successor, Isabel, who brought Evita's body back to Argentina, in the hope that the aura of a saint would again dazzle the public.

Different Approaches to Romantic Poetry Essay

1- Introduction For passion or profession, for hobby or obligation, for delight or duty, for this reason or another, one takes his pen and devotes few minutes he steals from time to trace expressive words on paper. I am among many, in ruptures about literature and this study day comes as a golden opportunity to show how much my fancy is caught and how far my love is increased when the heart excitingly beats and the feeling increasingly grow, to ask the self to enjoy a travel by means of distinct words along the path of different ideas for the sake of a visit to some parts of poetical world. Two enquiries draw our attention: which approach to adopt to clear up an idea in mind about this or that line from a poem mostly sounding melodious nevertheless its grasping is a difficult experience that represents a real challenge for most of us?, the second is that criticism with all its schools and theories is a helpful tool to manage in a way or another interpretation and then appreciation of the piece of poetry; but does it with all its complexities dull the meaning, and obstruct any attempt to get it. If so, it gives a tedious attempt to elucidate clumsy verses and anything that is unclear is involuntarily unlovable and of course unrewarding. 2- Poetry and Criticism  It is almost admitted that the poem is an elevated thought expressed in a beautiful way to rouse the emotion and mind of the reader, listener or the poet himself. However it is not usually easy to define a poem if you link any perception of it to Criticism Traditionalists for example do not recognize the talent of any poet unless he can have the capacity to visualize any particularity as universal, any specific to more general and any momentary to eternal; besides he has to have the art to transmit the message of his poem intelligibly to others arousing by that their emotions and stirring up their minds. Joseph Conrad once said that his task through the power of the written word is â€Å"to make you hear, to make you feel, it is above all to make you see† (Christopher Gillie: 38) William Wordsworth from his part insists in  preface of Lyrical Ballads on poets to visualize life more than critics because â€Å"it is the honourable characteristic of Poetry that its materials are to be found in every subject which can interest the human mind. The evidence of his fact is to be sought, not in the writings of Critics, but in those of Poets themselves†. On the other hand, Mathews Arnold disagrees with Wordsworth in the Function of Criticism at the Present Time (1865) when he says â€Å"almost the last thing for which one would come to English literature is just that very thing which now Europe most desires—criticism† The approach in this school focuses mostly on traditional elements such as: diction, sound, imagery, rhetoric, rhythm, genre, stanza, and sentence structure all form organic unity for ,aesthetic purposes and an independent entity sharing relationship with real life and poems may seem transcendental going beyond any expectations. Furthermore this approach insists that poetry is an aesthetic representation of life according to social needs because it is not a private pleasure since it induces in us a response up to the circumstances of the world Modernists rather exclude poetry from being a representation of reality and that is out of social purpose and then detached from historical context because poems are only fiction and uncommon to what is exact and sensible. Henceforward, modernism did not develop traditional poetry but was instead characterized by a deviation from the norms, a rejection of the past, an anti realism using myth, a rejection of conventional plot and a support to individualism and intellectualism, and so writing poetry is cerebral than emotional and it is a work that is open ended and searches to pose questions rather than answering them. All of E.Pound: Hugh Selwyn Mauberly and T.S.Eliot: the waste Land, and W.Stevens: Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Bird are good examples of these characteristics. Post modernists from their part gives great importance to the reader response and only for him can the final say of interpretation be referred, Walter Slatoff in his book â€Å"with respect to readers† thinks that no one can deny the effective existence of reader and reading even those who insist on the autonomy of the literary work. (R.Wellek/A.Warren:145). Some views insist on good reading as a quality that â€Å" has nothing necessarily to do with something one writes or says or anything else one does apart from reading† (G.Strickland:6) Post modernists also claim that poems are complex but they create a pattern out of that chaos, that they are trivial and  disheartening but clever pieces and original. Schools of Criticism They are cited as follows âÅ"“ Traditional: it gives information about the writer and his time in order to broaden understanding and meaning. âÅ"“ New Criticism: it highlights the lyric, it detaches the poem from biography or history and directly moves to analysis of diction, imagery, meaning of unfamiliar words âÅ"“ Rhetorical: it focuses the art of persuasion through different arguments, truth evidence. In order to understand the content with great appeal to the reader âÅ"“ Stylistic: great importance is given to the peculiarities of diction and imagery âÅ"“ Metaphorical: a deeper interest to metaphor as part of meaning âÅ"“ Structuralist: clarity is drawn from sociology and anthropology that represent important factors in a given society âÅ"“ Post structuralist: evading organic unity and interdependence âÅ"“ Myth theory: it derives from Northrop Frye placing the poem to categories and sub categories up to the hero’s myth, fall, and enemies âÅ"“ Freudian: a sexual imagery is concerned, struggle for the superego. Oedipus complex âÅ"“ Jungian: recurring poetic images, symbols and imagery as related to patterns from life âÅ"“ Historical: historical context and data are concerned âÅ"“ Biographical: the writer’s psychology and biographic data are concerned âÅ"“ Sociological: include society and social factors in a poem âÅ"“ Political: the different political movements the poet supports âÅ"“ Marxist: a political correctness .i.e. to assess the poem according to the support for workers against capitalist’s exploitation âÅ"“ Moralist: to assess the poem according to religious convictions, tolerance and social justice âÅ"“ Cognitive scientific: relate poems to brain functioning, but it’s an approach that is still in its infancy. 4- Practical Analysis to Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind and Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale in fact in spite of all the complexities of criticism it opens doors to suspect different levels of meaning and significance and if we arte drifted towards confusion out of the many schools of criticism we are as well lucky to have them but selection of which approach to adopt should be made precise and practical and out of my experience in teaching poetry and sometimes writing it. I infer that being eclectic is is the best approach that may serve in a  good way analysis of poems by incorporating several approaches in one article to better approach the poem for the sake of evidence, that can never be easy without truth evidence transmitted in a beautiful performance Bibliograghy 1- Matthew Arnold. The Function of Criticism at the Present Time, Essays in Criticism. London and Cambridge: Macmillan and Co., 1865. Pp. 1-41. 2- C.Gillie. Movements in English Literature 1900-1940, Great Britain: CUP, 1978 3- G.Strickland, Structuralism or criticism, New York: CUP 1985 4- R.Wellek/A.Warren, Theory of Literature, Great Britain, 1978. 5- William Wordsworth, Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems. London: Printed for J. and A. Arch, 1798. Web Library. WWW.poets.org En.wikipedia.org

History And Effects Of Pesticide Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Pesticides have been known to be for 1000s of old ages. Sulfur combustion was a method used in ancient Sumer every bit good as ancient Rome for killing insects ; the Romans were besides known to utilize salt to kill weed ( Wikipedia,2010 ) . In the 1400s, lead, quicksilver and arsenic were efficaciously used for this intent. Similarly, in 1600s, the job of emmets was tackled by the usage of a mixture of honey and arsenic. In the later of portion of the 1800s, US husbandmans used assorted arsenites every bit good as baccy derived functions to command plagues. The greatest enlargement in the pesticides was seen after World War II. Chemicals like DDT, aldrin, diedrin and 2,4 – Calciferol came into usage due to their low cost and high grade of efficaciousness ( Delaplane, 1996 ) . DDT took the bar as pass overing out major part of vectors responsible for typhus and malaria. Although being in being since the latter half of nineteenth century, its true potency was understood in 1939 . It was so successful that the discoverer Paul M & A ; uuml ; llen was awarded Nobel award in 1948 for his accomplishment. It was non until 1962 when the land interrupting book of Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, made a connexion between environment pollution, major wellness jeopardies and DDT. Carson ( 1962 ) argued that the chemicals like DDT are non merely toxic to the insects but to the birds and fish every bit good. It was proposed that this was because of a direct mechanism every bit good as an indirect mechanism.Pesticides use in US and EU:After a prohibition on DDT ‘s usage in the US, the enthusiasm was shifted to production of newer compounds which were safer and better than the conventional 1s and methods of harvest production that discouraged plagues. Integrated pest direction ( IPM ) was introduced like a multipronged scheme to concentrate on newer harvest production methods, increased growing of pest-specific marauders and timing of pesticide spray so that maximal h arm to the plagues could be incurred finally increasing the output ( Delaplane, 1996 ) . It is interesting to observe that the pesticide ingestion has increased dramatically over the last 50 old ages. As opposed to 2kg/ha in 2004, in 1961, it was merely 0.49kg/ha. In one estimation, France and US spray 35 % and 20 % of their entire surface country severally every twelvemonth ( Goodplanet.info, 2010 ) . In malice of holding really powerful newer agents, the figures keep on lifting. Europe represents about one tierce of the universe pesticide market portion standing at 30 billion dollars a twelvemonth. North America and Asia constitute a one-fourth each. US is the taking consumer of the pesticide industry with a figure of 2.5kg/ha. Europe consumes 3kg /ha, while India is at merely 0.5kg/ha. In a study by PAN Europe ( 2007 ) , it was stated that the pesticide ingestion was on the rise despite newer agents that act at a lower dosage. This shows that the pest control is still dependent o n the usage of these merchandises.Pesticides use in United kingdom:It has to be mentioned that in UK the pesticides ‘ usage is controlled by the ( CRD ) .The board of directors controls chemicals ‘ usage where listed under REACH statute law which consist a portion of Europe ‘s statute law where came in force in June of 2007and is responsible for the chemicals ‘ rating, enrollment, limitation and mandate such as guaranting that the companies produce and at the same clip conveyance chemicals under a responsible and safe manner. Furthermore it ensures that the people give a high attending for the protection of the environment by any possible chemical ‘s effects. The CRD is the chief responsible for pesticides ‘ usage limitation in UK.Pesticides and their application:The large inquiry is why they are used†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? ? Harmonizing to a study, about one tierce of the agribusiness production is destroyed with the brunt faced by developing states bec ause of plagues. This amounts to a humongous 300 billion dollar one-year losingss with an mean output loss runing from 30 to 40 % ( Plucknett and Kagbo, 2010 ) . So to be faced that job at that place has been appeared particularly the last decennaries a expand usage of pesticides in agricultural industry. Pesticides are used to disrupt onslaughts of snails, animate beings, bullets and snails while at the same clip for the protection of public wellness killing animate beings like mosquitoes, mice and rats. More than 1600 types of different pesticides are listed in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names. These are classified harmonizing to their country of action such as Herbicides, Insecticides and Nematicides. Other major classs include Acaricides, Antimicrobials, Attractants, Avicides, Fungicide, Molluscicides, Predacides, and Rodenticides ( Wood, 2010 ) . The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2009, divides these chemical comp ounds into Class Ia compounds, which are highly unsafe, Class Ib as extremely unsafe, Class II as reasonably unsafe, Class III as somewhat unsafe and Class U as improbable to be acutely unsafe based on LD50 for the mice.Mode of pesticides ‘ action:An of import fact worth adverting is that since there are a immense assortment of merchandises available for different types of plagues, likewise there is besides a enormous variableness in the mechanism of action of these pesticides. One chemical may move at one or more critical cellular tract of the plague. Harmonizing to Hayes ‘ Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology ( 2010, pp. 106 – 117 ) , this can be explained for a class of a chemical. Insecticides, Nematicides and Acaricides act as Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors or agonists. Some of them besides block glutamate gated chloride channels and mitochondrial composites. A assortment of them are ryanodine receptor modulators. Pyrethrum derived functions such as pyrethrins and pyrethroids that act on Na channels are speedy in action. Rodenticides may either organize an acute toxin such as phosphine in the tummy of the gnawer or cause hypercalcaemia. Examples include zinc phosphide and bromethalin. Warfarin may exercise an anti-coagulant consequence, therefore the animate being to spontaneously shed blood boulder clay it dies. Herbicides mark works specific mechanisms. They act on photosystems thereby interrupting the respiration of the weed. They besides block amino acid and fatty acerb synthesis and can besides do cell membrane break. Molluscicides disrupt cellular respiration of snails and bullets. Phasmohabditis hermaphrodita ; a infective roundworm, is a biological molluscicide.Behaviour and destiny of pesticides:Pesticides, when applied are either adsorbed, may be transferred to some other location or degraded into non-active constituents depending on the type of pesticide. Adsorption is a procedure by which these chemicals straight bind to the dirt atoms. Transportation is the phenomenon by which these compounds are dispersed off from the application site. Harmonizing to Nebguide ( 1993 ) , soaking up, harvest remotion, leaching, spray impetus and run off. Micro-organisms and workss uptake these compounds by soaking up. Mechanisms like volatilization and run off are of import as they distribute the pesticides to other location to eliminate the plagues but this is non ever the instance as it is besides one of the grounds of environmental pollution. Similarly, spray impetus causes these chemicals to be dispersed to other location at the clip of application. Leaching is dependent on the water-solubility of the pesticide and can either be downwards, upwards or sideways. Degradation takes topographic point either by, microbic action, Sun visible radiation or photodegradation or by a chemical reaction ( Nebguide,1993 ) .Pesticides in surface and land Waterss:In a survey by McBride ( 1989 ) , it has been postulated that H2O â₠¬Ëœs taint hazard is determined by features of the pesticide used, the features of dirt and the H2O volume ; A chemical with high H2O solubility, low dirt surface assimilation, high continuity applied on a coarse and low organic affair dirt with shallow land H2O and frequent irrigations has a high hazard of polluting H2O beginning. In an article by PAN Europe ( 2010 ) , Belgium, France, Netherlands and UK have highest pesticide taint in lowland river countries ; the one-year cost in cleaning up the H2O resource is around 170 million euros in UK yearly with a portion of this load go throughing on to the consumer.Practical solutions for pesticide pollution:Several techniques can be used to minimise the pesticide pollution. Integrated pest direction ( IPM ) is an first-class manner to get down with. It involves a holistic attack of choosing immune works species, cultivation and reconnoitering to minimise the chemical use. There should be repeated cheques on the harvests to mensurate th e pest population before a pesticide onslaught could be ensued. Crop rotary motion methods should be employed to deter the harmful beings. Educational plans should be encouraged so that all the persons involved in the procedure know precisely what they are making. This can be done by strong media runs backed by pertinent statute law. Research into biological and other non-chemical pesticides should be sought for. Pesticide choice should be appropriate and after usage disposal harmonizing to recommended manner. Tanks and reservoirs should ne'er be filled with pesticides while being close to a H2O reservoir to avoid taint. Preferably, a H2O beginning should be covered to forestall pollution. Detailed conditions prognosis should be taken into history before spraying to minimise run off and spray impetus. The equipment used should be in tip top form so that there are no leaks and droplet size is appropriate.

A Man for all Seasons Essay

A Man for all Seasons Essay A Man for all Seasons Essay Summary of the movie A Man for all Seasons: In the vision of the poet, the 1530s London is as good as any backdrop against which to pose a question with regards to the love of God, as well as, the nature of Law, the honor demands. Questions that are posed appropriately at the human reasoning, since they cover at every human spirit season in unraveling the mysteries that they are occasionally entrapped in. The conflict amid Sir Thomas More and King Henry VIII depicts a larger conflict of the times. More in the Play stands for the Civil law, whilst King Henry VIII on the other hands stands and represents the monarchical power. First of all Thomas More asserts and explains that there is the existence of the divine law, and compared to the Man’s law, it is to a greater extent more powerful, but it is rather mysterious and is not known by any individual. Even though, Thomas More stands for the church law, he does not claim power and authority with regards to those particular issues. In Act One, More asserts that he is not God. He is cognizant of the limits to the knowledge, as well as, power of the individual, comprising the King. A king who cannot put himself at will above the church laws, or the land law to which he has authority over and rules. Over the centuries, Civil law has been availed and established so that it might facilitate an individual to live with regards to the conscience provided with the verity that he avails no harms, as well as, that he can walk safely through a life protected from the misuse of power by others. The laws of the king in the play are indicated and portrayed to be arbitrary, and they are founded on his own personal desires, and not based on the larger good. Robert Bolt in his preface addresses King Henry as a monstrous baby who wants things to be done through his way, which is violent notwithstanding the cost. The religion laws (like to killing another person), as well as, the civil law (like the evidence that is required for crime accusation) are rather more objective, in most case fairly to every populace, and they are over time tested. The laws are also reasonable and ethical. In case the civil laws are deeming to be unfair, then the congress or the parliament can amend it. On the other hand, Henry firmly insists on the absolute power hat has no power checks. He takes over both the state and he church and anyone who stands by his way get executed. His decisions are not based on virtue or reason; rather they are founded on his own personal will. The position articulated by Sir Thomas More is that of a future (the civil rights), and King Henry makes use of his traditional decree and authority in ruling rather than making use of the law or consensus, though both embrace the newly formed humanistic learning which taught the reason primacy. More is accused by Roper that the laws are his own good. However, more denies this and affirms that all the individual siding by king anticipates that they shall be saved are ultimately through his insatiable power cut down. More occasionally would rouse his fellow countrymen in defending the law which avails them to them safety, and also avails to them the basic rights and freedom. Feel free to buy a custom essay on this movie at . All essays are written by professional paper writers. Timely delivery and high quality guaranteed.

Stunned, Astounded and Astonished

Stunned, Astounded and Astonished Stunned, Astounded and Astonished Stunned, Astounded and Astonished By Maeve Maddox stun: c.1300, to daze or render unconscious (from a blow, powerful emotion, etc.), probably aphetic of O.Fr. estoner to stun astound: 1600, from M.E. astouned, astoned (c.1300), pp. of astonien to stun astonish: 1340, astonien, from O.Fr. estoner to stun, from V.L. *extonare, from L. ex- out + tonare to thunder; so, lit. to leave someone thunderstruck. Although all three words derive from the same source, each has a different connotation in English. Stun seems to carry the strongest emotional punch, perhaps because it has only one syllable, but also because it has a literal meaning. The other two words are always used figuratively. (I’ve never seen the word â€Å"astonish† used to describe the effect of a literal lightning strike.) Astound and astonish suggest amazement, but the surprise engendered is not necessarily accompanied by the emotional pain suggested by the word stun. He was astounded by the bureaucrats stupidity. They were astonished by the magicians illusions. He was stunned by the unexpected death of his wife. The following headlines and captions from the web got me thinking about these words: Tendulkar stunned at his wax likeness Israel stunned at US firmness on freezing settlements Richard Dreyfuss Stunned at Natashas Accident Twilights Lefevre stunned at loss of role Crowds Stunned at Jacksons Death What first caught my attention was the use of the preposition â€Å"at† after stun instead of the usual â€Å"by.† The use of â€Å"at† instead of â€Å"by† has the effect of distancing the emotion. The metaphor is one of being hit over the head. One isn’t â€Å"stunned at a hammer,† but â€Å"stunned by a hammer.† One is stunned by bad news, not â€Å"at† it. My second observation was that in at least two of the headlines, either astounded or astonished would have been the more appropriate choice. As a general rule, I’d save the word stun for a truly tragic context and use astound and astonish to convey extreme surprise. As for the use of stunning in inappropriate contexts, here’s what David Auburn has to say in the Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus (p. 861): stunning is probably the most overused synonym for â€Å"very good,† especially in movie ads and book blurbs . . . Use of the word in this context has become not only an empty clichà ©, but also annoyingly counterintuitive: wouldn’t you be more likely to feel stunned by something bad than by something good? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterExpanded and ExtendedThrew and Through

Summer Olympic Games in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Summer Olympic Games in China - Essay Example to boycott the Olympic opening ceremonies. The Chinese constitution was drafted in 1921 and included no references to religion. This was part of the beginning of China's move toward communism and atheism. With Mao Tse Tung's Red Book and Cultural Revolution came the persecution of anything associated with religion. During the Cultural Revolution more than 6000 monasteries were destroyed (Time For Kids, p1). For all intensive purposes the political leadership took the place of religion and religious leadership. Recently the Chinese politicians have revised their constitution to include the word "religion" for the first time since 1921 (America, p6(1)). In addition the politicians included key wording that opened up the possibility of religious observance within China: "The Party strives to fully implement its basic principals for its work related to religious affairs and rallies religious believers in making contributions to economic and social development" (America, p6(1)). The Chinese Communist Party leaders have also been quoted as saying that "religion can play a role in creating a "harmonious society", a term they associated with economic growth and social cohesion" (The Christian Century, P19(1)). As stated above, a religion can be practiced if it "rallies religious believers in making contributions to economic and social development". In essence, if your church contributes to the social welfare of the community than it will be approved by the Religious Affairs Bureau (RAB). Why the Change For many Chinese, daily life consists of a meager existence. It is better than forty years ago when many Chinese were starving. Many social programs do not meet the needs of the many rural Chinese. Many rural Chinese turn to religious organizations within their villages to fund social programs such as schooling and health care. Because of the great need, and the Chinese Communists Party's inability to meet the need, the Party is turning a "blind eye' to the religious organizations in rural villages (The Economist, p25). In one village they worship the Black Dragon. Their temple has been rebuilt (it was destroyed by Maoists) and children are encouraged to work hard in the name of the "Black Dragon". The village services are supplemented by funds from the Black Dragon Temple. The Chinese Communist Party has turned a blind eye to the Black Dragon Temple because it does support social services needed by the community that the government cannot afford to provide. The "officials in Yulin, the prefecture to which Hongliutan (the village) belongs, give the Temple their blessing" (The Economist, p25(3)). Religions Currently, in atheist China, there exists many religions that are practiced. Some who practiced go unnoticed by the Chinese government while others are persecuted. Harmony is used as a determinant as to whether or not a religion is tolerated. If the religion brings social support, like in Hongliutan, then it is allowed (or not noticed). Aproximately 59% of the Chinese population are atheists while the 41% left worship as Taoists, Buddhists, Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Dongbaists, Bons, Xiantianists, and Falun

Introduction to Africa American Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Africa American Art - Essay Example The Mende people are among the largest ethnic community in Sierra Leone. They belong to a large group of people living throughout West Africa. The Main economic activity of the Mende people is farming and hunting. On the other hand, the Bamana people are based in Mali. The Bamana speakers are also known as the Bambara. The Bambara are members of the Mande culture; a large and a powerful group of people in Western Africa. Just like the Mende people, the main economic activity of the Bamana people is farming and hunting (Beneke, Mekler and Museum 45). Ceremonial dances and rituals are essential features of the tradition of both the Mende people and the Bamana people. Depending on the nature of and the location of the dance, men, and women wear different consumes and masks. For instance, the Mende people have the Sowei mask that is worn by members of the Bundu secret society or the Sande community. Women wear this mask during public ceremonies such as weddings, thanksgiving ceremonies among others (Middleton 59). The Bamana people use their ceremony and rituals in marking the passage of rites, during weddings as well as in burial ceremonies. During their dances, the performers or the dancers mask themselves using the â€Å"tyi wara† an antelope dance crest. The â€Å"tyi were† male dance crest is one of the most commonly used costumes in ceremonial activities such as weddings and other ritual activities (Kwekudee) Currently , some Bamana adhere to Muslim as their main religion but a great part of them still practise their traditional rituals ;in particular honoring their ancestors . Conversely , the Mande share many facets of the wider Bamana culture including restricting their women from wearing a veil during ceremonies . Virtually, the Mande culture is recognized for its established soroties and fraternal orders (Kwekudee). Ultimately, the Mande dancing culture is one of the most popular dances in Africa and outside Africa. Specific rhythms

Ergomatics Ltd- Product Launch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ergomatics Ltd- Product Launch - Essay Example Background Information of Ergonomics Ltd Ergonomics Ltd is a leading manufacturer of variable height furniture for the educational market. The company has strengths in the design, supply and installation of furniture for education institutions that adheres to strict government guidelines. The company has expertise in the quality and design product to meet specific need of its consumers. It supplies furniture to most of the good schools and educational institutes. The product it supplies is customized according to space need and design needs of consumers. It has been able to provide good quality products at reasonable cost. The deliveries of products are always on time. The customer focused approach; good product and service have created a brand name for Ergonomics Ltd in the market. It supplies the products directly or through the distribution network it has established in last 30 years. Its strong distribution network, good credit policies and distribution channel management have created a strong distribution network. It h as strong manufacturing base and supplier’s network that can provide them raw materials at the best prices. Being one of the leaders in the market the company has reached at the stage where it can get best prices of raw materials. It has employee focused approach. It provides best compensation, wages and working conditions to its employees. It is regarded as one of the best employers in the market. Ergonomics Ltd has a turnover of  £110,000,000 with operating profits of  £7,000,000. Company is planning to diversify in new business.

The Spanish And Ottoman Empire

The Spanish And Ottoman Empire The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries marked key points in the development of both the Spanish and the Ottoman empires. The building of the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires are both similar and different in many ways. With the discovery of the Americas and the conquering of Constantinople, both empires were emerging as world powers. Furthermore, both empires developed into strong religious empires. One major difference was the reasons for conquest between the two vast empires. The Spanish sought to improve trade whereas the Ottoman Empire sought military control. There were also many similarities and differences in how the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires developed politically. The Spanish used the Encomienda System as a base for economic and political order in the Americas. Using this system, the men who served the crown, or the encomenderos, were awarded part of the labor and produce of the natives. The Spanish king ruled through the Council of the Indies, allowing the king to appoint viceroys. Furthermore, the Spanish king could oversee the treasury office and the royal court of appeals, or audiencia. In contrast, the Ottoman Empire developed a bureaucracy, and because of religious tolerance allowed Christians and Jews to participate in the government. The Spanish and the Ottoman Empires can be compared and contrasted economically. One difference between the two empires was taxing in the Ottoman Empire. Although the Ottoman Empire was tolerant of other religions, they imposed a special tax on non Muslims called the jizya. One similarity was the establishment of trade routes in both empires. The Spanish Empire established trade routes to the Americas and the Ottoman Empire, under the rule of Suleyman, expanded populations, roads, and trade routes. Suleyman led the Ottoman Empire to the Pax Ottomanica , resulting in the golden age that allowed the empire to flourish. Furthermore, the Ottoman Empire controlled half of the Danube River, allowing them to control trade. Socially, both the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires were very strict religious empires. The Spanish were strict Catholics (maybe tolerant). Similarly, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was a devout Muslim. The Spanish spread Christianity throughout the Americas, converting Natives similar to how the Ottomans converted boys in poor villages top ranking janissaries. However, the two empires did differ in that the Ottoman Empire was tolerant of other religions. The Ottoman Empire tolerated other religions because by allowing the Christians and Jews to practice their religions freely, the Ottoman Turks could defend themselves against revolts and rebellions. One major difference between the two empires was their reasons for expansion and conquest. The Spanish Empire expanded to further promote trade, whereas the Ottoman Empire expanded for military control. Under a system known as devshirme the Ottoman Sultan rounded up boys between the ages of 12 and 20 from villages and trained the best 1 0 percent to be civil servants or military men known as janissaries. However a similarity can be found in the decline of these two empires, where both empires ended because of the implications of the systems they sought to improve in expansion. The Spanish, in attempts to improve trade started to decline because of a weak financial base, unable to reap the benefits of trade. Similarly, when the expansion of the Ottoman Empire stopped, the empire lacked the influx of manpower to feed its system of maintaining an efficient population of civil servants and military men. A serial military defeat followed afterwards. During the periods of 1450 to 1800, the building of the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire developed in similar and different ways. Politically, the Spanish used an encomienda system whereas the Ottomans developed a bureaucratic government. Economically, the Spanish and the Ottoman developed trade routes, but the Spanish did not impose the jizya as the Ottomans did. Socially, both empires were strictly religious but the Ottomans were more tolerant of other religions. Despite their emergence as world powers, both empires declined as a result of the Spanishs inability to develop a strong financial base and the Ottomans failure to continue maintaining a constant manpower. Whereas the Spanish easily conquered the New World, the Ottomans constantly fought against different people from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Ottoman society was divided politically into wealth producers, soldiers, Muslims, and non-Muslims. Under a system known as devshirme the Sultan rounded up boys between the ages of 12 and 20 from villages and trained the best 10 percent to be civil servants or military men known as janissaries. After the relatively easier early conquest, Spanish legislation prohibited exploration and enslavement of Indians in its New Laws of 1542. In Mexico and Peru the decree was ignored and lead to a debate about how the colonies should be run, with some prominent ruling class arguing that Indians should be treated with protection and care, while others argued for a slavery system. The Ottoman Empire was less enlightened in ideology, but ruled with brute penalties for criminal acts, and efficient administration ad legal procedures. The Sultan considered himself supreme as compared against other monarchs. Indians died because of disease, dislocation, and the rigors of mine work following the European conquest. When the Spanish monarch ended the encomienda system the colonists increasingly sought grant of lands creating rural estates that produced cultural products. Gradually, the Americas evolved into an economic base that supports Spain. As for the Ottoman Empire, its decline was drastic. When the expansion stopped, the empire lacked the influx of manpower to feed its system of maintaining an efficient population of civil servants and military men. A serial military defeat followed afterwards.

Ernest Hemingway, World War I, and Agnes von Kurowsky :: Biography Biographies Essays

Hemingway, World War I, and Agnes von Kurowsky Hemingway's World War I experiences were the source of much of the legend that later surrounded him. Brave and masculine, he was the writer who really got out there and experienced everything. Wounded in the trenches, decorated for his valour, he then threw himself into a wartime romance with the nurse who was responsible for bringing him back to health, his first love, who later jilted him for an older, aristocratic, man. This report will examine the background to these myths and assess their veracity. It was not long after the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917 that 17 year-old Hemingway, not yet finished high school, first expressed an interest in seeing some action. However his father, keen for him to follow his sister to college, settled for a compromise that saw his brother fix young Ernest up with a job in the Kansas City Star. That November, he told his family that he could not possibly wait more than another year before enlisting, saying "it will be hard enough to stay out until then". Biographer Kenneth S. Lynn argues that for the young Hemingway, the war was like a championship football game, a huge event not to be missed.1 Hemingway's letters of that winter contain references to him attempting to join the army but being refused because of a bad eye. Nobody has been able to find any evidence that such a claim is true. Lynn points to the likely falsity of the claim by mentioning the fact that Harry Truman, who was helpless without his glasses, got past the same army doctors in Kansas City that Hemingway would have had to deal with, and suggests that the prospect of squalor and danger in the trenches did not accord with Hemingway's vision of the great event of his time. At the same time, his reading of Hugh Walpole's The Dark Forest the previous year made him aware of another, heroic, and far less dangerous way of seeing the war - the Red Cross. Ernest and his friend Ted Brumback volunteered for the Red Cross in early January and in April they were assigned as second lieutenants in an ambulance unit in Italy. They were issued a regular US Army officer's uniform with full insignia, and Ernest made the most of the fact that real army privates and non-commissioned officers had to salute him, in one instance counting 367 salutes as he walked up and down Broadway. Ernest Hemingway, World War I, and Agnes von Kurowsky :: Biography Biographies Essays Hemingway, World War I, and Agnes von Kurowsky Hemingway's World War I experiences were the source of much of the legend that later surrounded him. Brave and masculine, he was the writer who really got out there and experienced everything. Wounded in the trenches, decorated for his valour, he then threw himself into a wartime romance with the nurse who was responsible for bringing him back to health, his first love, who later jilted him for an older, aristocratic, man. This report will examine the background to these myths and assess their veracity. It was not long after the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917 that 17 year-old Hemingway, not yet finished high school, first expressed an interest in seeing some action. However his father, keen for him to follow his sister to college, settled for a compromise that saw his brother fix young Ernest up with a job in the Kansas City Star. That November, he told his family that he could not possibly wait more than another year before enlisting, saying "it will be hard enough to stay out until then". Biographer Kenneth S. Lynn argues that for the young Hemingway, the war was like a championship football game, a huge event not to be missed.1 Hemingway's letters of that winter contain references to him attempting to join the army but being refused because of a bad eye. Nobody has been able to find any evidence that such a claim is true. Lynn points to the likely falsity of the claim by mentioning the fact that Harry Truman, who was helpless without his glasses, got past the same army doctors in Kansas City that Hemingway would have had to deal with, and suggests that the prospect of squalor and danger in the trenches did not accord with Hemingway's vision of the great event of his time. At the same time, his reading of Hugh Walpole's The Dark Forest the previous year made him aware of another, heroic, and far less dangerous way of seeing the war - the Red Cross. Ernest and his friend Ted Brumback volunteered for the Red Cross in early January and in April they were assigned as second lieutenants in an ambulance unit in Italy. They were issued a regular US Army officer's uniform with full insignia, and Ernest made the most of the fact that real army privates and non-commissioned officers had to salute him, in one instance counting 367 salutes as he walked up and down Broadway.

Television in the UAE & Saudi Arabia: An analysis of women’s representation

Introduction This research analyzes the ways in which women are represented on television in Arabic countries; through social programs in the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. Since graduation in 2007, I have been employed at Dubai Media Incorporated (DMI). This has awarded me seven years of experience as a news reporter and presenter; which has helped me to understand more about common traits in Arabic television as well as its depiction of women. As a result of this background, the connection between the Arabic women of the television and the country’s government will be the primary subject that this report will explore. The rationale (epistemological, substantive, and practical) for undertaking this project stems from personal interest towards the research; as workplace experience at DMI included conducting analysis about current affairs and relations between Arabic-Gulf countries and Arabic women. This background raised a personal and moral obligation: to discover whether Arabic women are represented on TV in a negative way and what can be done to support them. This project surrounds a universal matter of gender in-equality and should be addressed as such. Arabic women (like all women around the world) should be able to work and have a proper education instead of being fated to live the life of a housewife. What makes matters more significant is the strategy the government has put in place to deliver on this mandate – manipulating the public through propaganda on common media platforms. This report will discuss more precisely what can be done if the research concludes that women’s representation is negative on Arabic television (by analyzing the source of the problem). For instance; are religious reasons, customs and traditions, different cultural backgrounds and governmental differences to blame for female representation in the mediaOr are there other factors worth considering? Secondary research into the topic will aid the report. This research will help reach a logical conclusion of the matter and also vicariously un-cover a niche in this area of study – (there was barely any information directly comparing between these two Arabic countries). So although this means the project will be a more difficult subject to research, it will be thoroughly completed in order to shed light upon the topic. For this reason, a mixed methodology application of quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to conduct my research. Moreover, the UAE and Saudi Arabia have been chosen for research because they advocate different rules in TV programming than other Arabic countries even though they all follow the same religion – Islam. Furthermore, women in these two countries have different cultural backgrounds and government. The role of television as a media platform in the Arab world has been highlighted repeatedly. Arabic TV’s image and perception must therefore be the first thing to be addressed in the process of identifying whether the representation of women is a positive or negative one. In light of this, the project addresses the following questions: How does Arabic TV present women in a positive or negative way? What are (and why are there) differences between women’s representation in these two countries, even though they share a common religion? Women’s experiences of social Arabic TV- harmful or helpful?Literature ReviewLiterature dealing directly with the relationship between the Arabic woman and her problems with representation on Arabic TV is virtually non-existent. However, with the continuous development of worldwide media, it is hardly surprising that the Middle East’s opinion of Arabic media has become more sophisticated and modern in many aspects. In light of this, many Arabic television channels have become much more well known and influential than ever before. For example, â€Å"Al-Jazeera TV† in Qatar has noticeably developed a stronger base of viewers around the world from its wide-spread signal – something that hasn’t happened to a global Arabic news station before. As a result, the middle-east now has access to a new brand of â€Å"universalized† news (Waxman, N.D.). Consequently, these channels have become more interesting in many aspects. It could even be argued that Arabic women are presented in an equal light to men on their native TV because of the positive attributes it shows women possessing. For example, channels depict women as intelligent and wise on worldwide TV stations in the Middle East; by implying they have the right to be educated, to be independent and to have their own business. Conversely, there are some local Arabic TV channels that do present women negatively. What makes this more significant is how the television stations do nothing to remedy this negative (and purposeful) representation. References to renowned academic literature will also be included that argues each side of the debate; which for all intents and purposes was substantially difficult to find. Whereas a selection of these studies focus on the positive way Arabic television depicts women, other research is focused only on the differences between Arabic women in the East and the West. On the other hand, other works have sought to discuss merely the negative image Arabic stations impose on their native females. The results and critical opinions within this collected research (as well as primary research) will subsequently form the main body of my essay. An extensive amount of the work collected on the matter emphasizes dominance over Arabic women; particularly Saudi Arabian women. One of the main books to demonstrate this belief is Paul Danahar’s The New Middle East. Published in 2013, the BBC’s Middle East bureau chief (Danahar) revealed that a new era shaped the Middle East during the Arabic Spring of 2011 which lead to clearer insights of media representatives; thereby changing traditional opinions in some Arabic countries such as Egypt, Libya, Syria and Tunisia. As a result of this, the general consensus of Arabic people (specifically women) within the international community also changed; creating a knock-on effect on the role Islam played in the Middle East during the Arabic Spring as well. Perhaps the most interesting point in this book is that the writer mentions that people (men and women) of the Arabic community can finally speak more openly for the first time. This book is a strong reference with regards to describing women’s cases during the Arabic Spring, but it is perhaps too eager to include such divine constructs as fate, destiny and pre-destination. The outcome of the Arabic Spring revolution will be considered first. The work of Goetz (1997) asserts that women have developed remarkably for almost three decades now in numerous Muslim countries, and points out organizations must be recognized as being deeply gendered in their structure towards women’s interests in the media. However, Goetz’s results were based upon data from over 30 years ago, and it is unclear if these differences still persist; as it can be clearly seen that many Muslim-Arabic countries have changed a lot during those thirty years. For example, the amount of women appearing in Saudi Arabian media has seen a significant decrease during the last thirty years. While Goetz’s research may therefore not be as historically relevant as others (her analysis was not based on empirical research, and she does not focus on Saudi Arabia), it is evident that the way television and media is constructed in the Middle East is fundamentally different from other countries (namely those in the West). For example, Saudi women cannot wear what they truly want to wear on the TV screen, or drive a car, and have to face a patriarchal culture every day. This is why Saudi Arabia was specifically chosen for this report. Keddie (2007 p. 149- 150) feels that it is remarkably interesting to see the difference between Middle Eastern women in the past and the present. She focuses on tracing the development of Middle Eastern women’s history since the rise of Islam, and notes that there have been significant improvements in the Middle East’s women’s suffrage movement. Moreover, the appearance of women in public places reflects this discovery, a s well as the fact that females seem to have taken up the pre-dominant role in advertising. However, she argues that women in Saudi Arabia were more open to change in the 1960s and 1970s than they were in the 1980s and 1990s; also that they were more educated, including a higher amount of people studying abroad, had more job opportunities, their own marital choices and better health. But, this all changed because of â€Å"the Islamist takeover of the main Saudi mosque in 1979† (Keddie, 2007, p.150). It seems this reason remains unclear because Saudi Arabia had already been an Islamic country for centuries before; it was the change of the role of the government that lessened women’s rights – an after-effect of the Islamist takeover. Strong & Hareb (2012) indicate how the amount of digitally competent young females in the UAE who use social media programs is rapidly increasing. Additionally, Strong & Hareb (2012, p. 3) point out that â€Å"The UAE is made up of s even emirates, which were separate authorities until the country was formed in 1971. Each emirate is governed by a ruling family; with some services (like education) to be funded and administered by the overall federal government†. Therefore, the UAE has a different television channel for all seven emirates. Moreover, the WAGL (Women as Global Leaders) claim that â€Å"Although Emirati females make up only about 5% of the total population, the spotlight recently has been on them as potential future leaders† (WAGL, 2012). Strong & Hareb (2012, p. 3) suggest this means that the UAE government is showing us through television that it is supporting Emirati females to be leaders. Moreover, the government’s media website said that â€Å"the UAE has become a model for Arab women in all fields† (WAM, 2009). For the UAE, the situation is more hopeful – there is perhaps more openness felt towards women, whereas in Saudi Arabia, there is no freedom. Females ca nnot wear what they really want to wear on a TV screen, and usually have to wear traditional, religious clothing. Mellor, et al (2011) found that some Arabic countries have a new challenge in the media because globalization has brought new opportunities to them. For example, â€Å"the United Arab Emirates (UAE) now profile themselves globally as the perfect hybrid link between east and west† (Mellor, et al, 2011, P. 25). Clearly, it can be seen reflected in women’s current affairs in the UAE. This paper agrees with Mellor, because it can clearly be seen that Emirati women have many more opportunities now; whether it be working as a TV presenter or reporter. This study directly correlates to the main analysis of this report: by showing us that Emirati women are represented in a positive way on UAE television. A similar view to this essay was found in a report by The Dubai School of Government (2011, p1). This report states that â€Å"Arab women in particular have becom e more engaged in political and civic actions; playing a critical leading role in the rapid and historic changes that have swept the region†. This article focuses on women within media and social terms, in a way that implies they are active in their society and that UAE television does help them feel more independent. It seems that UAE TV urges women to be intelligent, to be something more than just a housewife or mother at home, to work or own a business and finally be equal with Emirati men. Lastly, the work of Saker (2004) reveals that the image of Middle Eastern women in a media landscape often presents them as changed, empowered and advanced. This article will be useful for my research. Methodology/ Research Method: As previously mentioned; this project is difficult to research. For this reason a variety of data by using mixed methodology – qualitative and quantitative methods. Additionally, both types of data will be collected in the two countries during the summer. This study encompasses two different types of research to explore if Arabic TV helps women or harms them. The first type of research theory is qualitative (questionnaires, interviews, etc.). For example, respondents will be shown clips of Arabic TV shows and create a survey that will ask them which Arabic television programs support women and which do not support women, and why (as well as asking demographic information such as nationality, age, gender, and education level). The second type of research theory is a quantitative content analysis – case studies, statistics or percentages to compare with two social Arabic programs from two Arabic countries that have women presenters from the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. The programs are Kalam Nawaiem from MBC channel – Saudi Arabia, and Zahrat Al-Khaleej from Abu Dhabi channel – United Arab Emirates. These methods lead to answering the overall research questions: How does Arabic TV show women in a positive way or negative waySecondly, what are the differences between women’s representation in the two countries (the UAE and Saudi Arabia)Thirdly, what are women’s experiences of Arabic TV – harmful or helpful? Conclusion The United Arab Emirates & Saudi Arabia have been chosen because on the surface it appears that one country supports women (UAE) and the second country does not support women (Saudi Arabia) on TV stations. This will make for a very conclusive and judicial paper – one that will be written with passion. Firstly, the paper’s aim and rationale for the research will be discussed. Secondly, the relative strengths and weaknesses of the literature written on this topic will be analyzed, as well as the research methods and studies chosen. It is interesting to see the differences between Islamic Arabic cultures and Western cultures; and then to compare women’s representation on TV programs. Moreover, it cannot be denied that we should support and respect women around the world, and is clear that it is not fair or equal to abandon Arabic women in this belief. The most intriguing point is that it is not all Arabic countries that do not support women; even though the Islamic religion connects them all. This research then, will help us understand in more detail the reasons of these differences – whether religious or government or cultural. However, there will be some problems that most likely will be encountered (especially in Saudi Arabia) due to ethical issues. The research collected may or may not be allowed to be considered outside of the country. To resolve this, alternative ways will be considered so that the project can be investigated freely. It is clear that this research needs to go ahead because it asks an important question – Are there positive ways Arabic women on TV are presented or negative waysSecondly, there has been little research done before on this topic. There was not much information that has compared two countries, justified research and then remained objective at the conclusion. Thirdly, the research seeks to understand in more depth how these differences have occurred in two Arabic countries even though there is a religion that binds them together; bringing cultural and historical significance to the paper. Lastly, this is a topic that affects everyone universally, and is something that everyone can understand. It does not matter whether the reader is a woman or a man, for it will bring attention and focus to the problem regardless. Thus, this topic can be investigated after the description of its main characteristics. Bibliography: Danahar, P. (2013) The New Middle East: The World after the Arab Spring. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Dubai School of Government, UAE (2011) The role of social media in Arab women’s empowerment. Arab social media report, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1. Goetz, A. M. (1997) Getting institutions right for women in development. London: Zed Books Ltd. Keddie, N. R. (2007) Women in the Middle East: Past and Present. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. Mellor, N. et al. (2011) Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries. The United Kingdom: Polity Press. Saker, N. (2004) Women and media in the Middle East: Power through self-expression. 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